23 TRIK TOEFL
Selamat pagi semuanya…
Catatan kecil ini kembali pada sebuah momen
dimana saya menghilangkan buku sakti yang saya dapat dari Oxford. Demi bisa
melanjutkan kembali sekolah di jenjang magister saya relakan waktu liburan,
kerja, dan leyeh-leyeh saya untuk ke Oxford. Sejarahnya panjang kenapa Oxford
yang saya pilih yang jelas, Oxford bisa membawa saya ke jenjang magister
antropologi di UI. Hehhee alhamdulillah ya, rezekinya di sana.
Tunggu dulu, Oxford yang saya maksud adalah
lembaga les bahasa Inggris di kampung Inggris Pare, Kediri, Jawa Timur.
Hehehee…
Saya mendapatkan 23 trik TOEFL yang mungin
bisa membantu oleh teman-teman dalam mengerjakan TOEFL… awal belajar memang
merasa “ini susunan kata kenapa banyak banget syaratnya sih” setelah tahu
triknya, saya berkata, “oh ternyata” meski ada lanjutannya tapi bla bla bla….
Perlu digaris bawahi pula, catatan ini saya
susun untuk mengantisipasi catatan saya yang hilang, baik dimakan zaman, rayap,
atau kesingsel… jadi catatan yang saya tulis berdasarkan yang saya pahami
karena merupakan alat bantu saya mengerjakan soal.
Semoga bermanfaat pula untuk teman-teman ya
^^
Salam…
1.
Conj. VS QW (question word)
·
Who
Who
·
Whom
·
What
·
Whose conj.
S . V
·
Which
·
Where QW. V. S ?
·
When
·
Why
·
Who
2.
Adjective Clause
Clause
as adjective --> as modifier of noun
a) Person
Who S V
O adv
Whom S
V O adv
Contoh
:
An
analyst (who, whom, which) experiments many thepries an award
Person verb.
A
cook (who, whom, which)
I met yesterday is…
Person S
V
b) Thing
Which S V
O Adv
Which S
V O Adv
That
à which
what tidak dapat digunakan
contoh:
a
medium (who, whom, which) is used to represent the topic is used interesting
thing verb
do
not believe in what are you talking about
what
you are talking about
3.
Elipsis (Peringkasan)
a) Omiting
Contoh
Angga
said that he wanted to study aboard
Angga
said he wanted study aboard
Konjungsi ‘that’ posisi di tengah
b) Abridjment
Conj. S V Ving (Aktif/AV)
Pres PT
V3 (pasif/PV)
PP
Contoh
1. When many people heard the news, they felt shocked
AV
When hearing the news, many people felt
shocked
2. When Umi is given a prize, she kisses her mother
PV
When given a prize, Umi kisses her mother
c) Reducing
V3
(PV)
Contoh
1. When a number of students did their test, they
cheated to their friends.
AV
Doing their test, a number of students cheated to their friends
2. When the linguist was awarded an award, he
felt happy
PV
Awarded an award, the linguist felt happy
4.
Auxilary + ordinary
a) 
Be
(be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being) +
Pres Pt (Ving) aktif
Be
(be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being) +
Pres Pt (Ving) aktif
PP
(V3) pasif
Contoh
:
Is
learning : mempelajari
Is
leanst : dipelajari
b) Have (have, has, had) + PP (V3)
Contoh
: Indonesia has imported an amount of rice
c) Do (do, does, did) + Bi (VI)
Contoh
: does she understand this topic
d) Modal (can, could, should, will,
must) + Bi (VI)
Contoh
: Dony can speak Japanese well
5.
Comparison (perbandingan)
a) Superlative (paling)
The
+Adj. + est (1 suku kata) contoh
: the hottest cofee
The + most + adj. (> 1 suku kata) contoh : the
most wonderful view
b) Comparative (lebih)
Adj. + er
(1 suku kata) contoh
: Angga is taller than Diana
More +
Adj. (>1 suku kata) contoh : Angga is more intelligent than Maira
c) Double Comparative (semakin –
semakin)
the +
comparative, the comparative
contoh
: the sooner, the better
the
+ comparative + S V, the comparative S V
contoh :
the harde you study, the higher your score wil be
6.
Adj. vs Adv.
Adj. + Noun
|
Adv
+ Adj.
Adv.
Verb
|
Contoh
:
Was
previously known
Adj. + Adv PP (V3)
On
unusually design
Adv. –> Adj. N
7.
Article (kata sambung)
A
+ consonant sound
+ NC
Sing.
An
+ vowel sound
The
+ consonant/vowel sound + NC Sing, NC Plural, N. uncountable
Contoh
:
A computer, a unit, a university
An apple, an hour
The house, the hases, the money
8.
Possesive (kepemilikan)
a) Adj. : my, our, your, their, his,
her, its + Noun
Contoh
: our friends, their opportunity, my partner
b) Pron. : mine, ours, yours,
theirs, his, hers, its + Noun
Contoh
: mine change
Agi, you have a good bike, I like yours
9.
Quantifier (jumlah)
Banyak
|
many
|
Much
|
Lebih banyak
|
more
|
More
|
Paling banyak
|
most
|
Most
|
Sedikit
|
few
|
Little
|
Lebih sedikit
|
fewer
|
Less
|
Paling sedikit
|
fewest
|
Least
|
Sejumlah
|
A number of
|
An amount of
|
N. countable Plural
|
N.u ncountable
|
Cotoh
:
A
large number of leaft
Amount NU
10. Both
Both
And
|
Jika ada both dan as well as
yang digarisbawahi. Maka yang dipilih adalag both
|
jika as well as tidak
digarisbawahi, maka yang dipilih adalah as well as
|
|
as well as
|
Dipilih jika berdiri sendiri
|
11. Subjective (Pengandaian)
S V
that S V(Bi)
V : Assume; suggest; reduest;recommend;
requier; insist
Contoh
:
The
Professor requested that Angga Bi_ his thesis soon.
a. Submitted c. to submit
b. Submit d.
submiting
The Professor requested Angga to inf his thesis soon
CTV O CO
a. Submitted b. submit c. to submit d.
submitting
12. So da Such
So 1 that
(begitu .
. . . . sehingga)
Such 2 that
1. Adj, adv, many, much, few, little
2. Noun dkk
Contoh :
Anggi is (so,
such) a kind girl
that lovely man loves her
NP
Anggi is (so, such) intellegent
that the many award
Adj.
Anggi has (so, such)
many problems that she wants
to give up
NP
13. Conj. Vs Prep.
meaning
|
Conj. SV
|
Prep. N
|
Karena
|
because
|
Because of
|
Meskipun
|
Although, even though, tough
|
Despite, in spite of
|
Contoh:
More
than 100 pandas starved
to death because of one species
of bamboo on which they
V conj.
Conj. S
fed died.
V V
Ungu
: m. sc
14. A Number of VS
The Number of
A number of
|
NCpl
|
Vpl. (are, were, have, do, bi)
|
The number of
|
Vsing. (is, was, has, does, ai)
|
Contoh:
A number of audience are listening to the speech
The number of audiences is twenty
15. Predicative Adj.
A like
|
Like
|
N
|
|
A live
|
Live/living
|
||
A lone
|
Lone
|
||
A sleep
|
Sleeping
|
||
A fraid
|
Frightened
|
Contoh:
Tika
is (like, a like) my sister
Tika
and my sister are (like, a like)
16. Yang Lain
Another NC
Sing another alternative
Other NCpl other
alternatives
The
other Ncsing/pl the
other alternative/s
Others N others
alternatives
The
others N the
other alternatives
Other
in my room will help you
17. Problem of verbs
Bi
|
Pt
|
Pp
|
Kind
|
Meaning
|
lie
|
lied
|
lied
|
VI
|
Berbohong
|
lie
|
lay
|
lain
|
VI
|
Berbaring
|
lay
|
laid
|
laid
|
VTO
|
meletakkan
|
find
|
found
|
found
|
VTO
|
Menemukan
|
found
|
founded
|
founded
|
VTO
|
Mendirikan
|
rise
|
rose
|
risen
|
VI
|
terbit
|
raise
|
raised
|
raised
|
VTO
|
Mengangkat
|
see
|
saw
|
seen
|
VTO
|
Melihat
|
saw
|
sawed
|
sawn
|
VTO
|
Menggergaji
|
sew
|
sewed
|
sewn
|
VTO
|
Menjahit
|
sit
|
sat
|
sat
|
VI
|
Duduk
|
set
|
set
|
set
|
VTO
|
Menata
|
18. Present Perfect VS Simple Past
Pr.
pf : S have/has
PP unspesific time
S.
ps : S Pt
unspesific time/spesific time
(in 2010; two years ago;
last year)
19. Substitution (Pengganti)
(+)
So
Too
|
Widuri
finishes writing her thesis, and so do I / and I do too
V S
S V
|
(-)
Neither
Either
|
Dewi hardly takes
a bath, and neither do I / and I do not either
(-)
V S S
V
|
juga
|
|
20. Used to
a. Used to + Bi (dulu pernah/dulu terbiasa)
Ike
used to take her
mother’s money without permission
b. Be (is, am, are, was, were) + used to + gerund (terbiasa)
Ike
was used to taking
her mother’s money without permission
c. Be + used to + Bi (digunakan)
This
computer is used to
type a story
21. SVA
S
|
V
|
NC Sing
|
Vsing (is, was, has, does, ai)
|
NC Pl
|
VPl (are, were, have, do, Bi)
|
NU
|
Vsing
|
a)
Every
|
S
and
|
S
Vsing
|
Each
|
b)
Subjek
à gerund = Ving
c)
S +
PP = V Sing/VPl
My father along with his friends is, are
My father together with his
friends is, are
My father as well as his friends is, are
My father accompained by his
friends is, are
My father
and his friends is, are
S conj. S
My parents along with their friends is,
are
d)
Tittle/Proper
noun = V.Sing
Tom and Jery is, are a good movie
Tom and Jery is, are playing soccer
e)
Expressions
Of
Time
|
Vsing
|
: ten minutes is,
|
Money
|
: ten dollars is,
|
|
Distance
|
: ten miles is,
|
f)
Nationality
-ese : Chinese, Japanese
-ish : English, Spanish
-ch : Dutch, French
English
|
Country
|
Vsing. English
is
|
Language
|
The English people V.pl the
English are
g)
The
+ Adj = kaum à
Vpl
The old are
The rich were
The rich man was
h)
2/3 = two-thirds
|
Of
|
N V Sing
|
1/3 = one-third
|
N V pl
|
Cek kembali ke Noun countable or uncountable
22. In vs On
In
: month :
in December
Year, country :
in 2010
Place :
in New York
On
: day :
on Sunday
Date, month (year) : on
October 20th, 2015
Place :
on the floor
In : di dalam
On : di atas
At : untuk tenpat yang lebih spesifik. Contoh : at jalan maple no 15, Kediri
23. Subject Verb Inversion
a) Negative words MC not, neither, not only… VS
After
getting his
own salary, not only Richard finances
his living cost, but he
also donates his salary.
Jawab
: yang salah adalah b (Richard Finances. Harusnya does Richard finance.
Verb dulu baru subjek dan tanpa s)
b) Semi negative words di awal MC rarely, barely, scarely, hardly…VS
Before
joining the
education seminar hardly the alumni think about scholarship.
Jawab
: yang salah adalah c (the alumni think). Harusnya do the alumni think.
Verb dulu baru subjek)
c) Adv of Place have, there, under the sea…VS
out
of this
apartement was
hundreds of houses damaged by hurricane.
Jawab
: yang salah adalah b (was). Seharusnya
were
d) Question V S ?
Practicing this traditional method, the teachers are able
to improve students’ ability?
Jawaban
: yang salah adalah b (the teachers) seharusnya are the teachers. Verb
dulu baru subjek.
e) Substitution
S V, and so V S
S V not, and
neither V S
After
getting the
information, all students
obey the rules passed
by the principant, and so do
the teacher.
Jawaban
: yang salah adalah d (do). Seharusnya memakai does karena sebelumnya v
(so) dan sesudahnya s (the teacher)
f) Comparison
S V comparative
than S V
S V comparative than V S more formal
Because of hard
raining, the runner runs
slower than
does other.
Jawaban
: yang salah adalah d (does). Seharusnya do. Other adalah S.
g) Conditional Sentence
I. If S
were CS, S would/should
+ Bi
Were S CS, S
would/should + Bi
II. If S had
+ Pp, S would/should have + Pp
Had + S Pp, S
would/should have + Pp
The
proposal were signed by the director, all employes would start working today.
Jawaban
: yang salah adalah a (the proposal were). Seharusnya were the proposal. Lihat
rumus I.
h) Only
Only Pp V S
Only SC V S
Only
by boat people can
reach the island safely. Seharusnya can people v dulu baru s
Only if the students finish doing the
observation
the professor will sign
the form.
SC
Seharusnya
will the professor
Baiklah, cukup sekian 23 trik TOEFL yang saya catat.
Semoga trik ini bisa membantu teman-teman yang membacanya yak. Bair lebih jelas
dan enak, ayo kursus di Kampung Inggris, Pare Kediri Jatim. Di oxford :D
Salam….
Nb : warna
merah yang dicoret : tidak digunakan
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